Maleinated eleostearic acids



United ates Patent 2,865,931 YVMALEINATEDV ELEOSTEARIC- ACIDS Charles H. Mack, New Orleansgand William G. Bickford, Metairie, La., assignors to theUnited States of America as represented by the Secretary of. Agriculture No Drawing; Application November 3, 1953 --Serial 'No; 390,101

, S CIaims. (U350 318) I (Granted unde1tTitle:35,-. S1 Code (1952), sec. .266)

"-A'non-exdu ve, -'irrevocable,"royalty-free license in i the This 'invention"relat-es' to valuable new acids and esters which are particularly auseful as" plasticizers and plas'th cize-r extenders tor vinyl resins.

M'Ore particularly, this invention provides Gf-t'ricarboxylic acids containing a central-lylocated sixm'emgbered hydrocarbon ring attached to an exocyclice'pokidized ethylene group, and their anhydrides and esters of 't-he'for'mula where R represents a member ofthe group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl radicalssandrR represents aimember of the group consisting of O- and (OR) These compounds are produced by the epoxidation of the addition PIOdUOLSPlOdLlCBd bY the reactionrof amaleate of the formula anhydr'idesand'f esters,

I The acids" produced" by "the addition" of' maleic' abidto an eleostearic acid are hereinafter referred to' as "teleo- "maleicacidsf andeleom'aleina'tes refers to the acids or their esters. Eleomaleic acids derived from alpha-creostea'ric' acid are'r'eferred to as alpha-eleomaleinatesiand bered. hydrocarbon ring.

lthe'm with-a peroxide, such- 2,865,931 Patented Dec. 23,1953

"those derived from. beta-eleostearic acid, as Beta-elecmaleinates. Ele'omaleic" acids in which the-six-membered 'nng is-unsaturatedare' referred toas eleornal'einat'es or cyclohexenyl "eieomaleinatesfl and thosein' which" the six Inenibered ringis saturated, arereferred'toas cyclohe'xyl eleozfiale'inates'. The el eomaleic=-acids"contain an ethylenic group in the open chain portion of the molecule adjacent to the six merhberdring. Derivatives of the eleomaleic aeids-unewhi'chr thisvethyleniesgroup has been converted to an epoxy group arereferred to as epoxidized in 'vvhichit has been convened mates;those iII'WiIiCh i'thas'be'en convertedito'a "group, as -monohydroxylated*eleomaleinates;those "in group,'* as 'iiihydroxylatd eleomaleinates; etc.

-Ingen-era1, in a'ccordancewith thisinvention,,epoxidizedi el'eoma'lein'ates are :producedby reacting male'ates with eleostearates to produce eleomaleates, and epoXi di'zin'g' the eleomaleates.

which reaction occurs, between the freezing the decomposition products. 7

Esters of el'eonialeicacidanhydridescan be prepared point and temperature 5 of the reactants or by: "reactingaesters of ther eleostearic acids"- with :ma'leic- :anh-ydride. aTung oil: orresterifi'ed tung 'oilt-acidsicanibe -e'mploy:edeas:fthe iesters zofwthe-eleostearic acids. r

The reaction of theekostearates with the maleates produces cycloh-exenyl '1 eleomaleinates. Iher-cyc1ohex-enyl eleomaleinates can. be converted to eyclohe cyl. e'leomaleof a nickel catalyst. I

The reaction of el'eostearates. with inaleates: produces -'eleornalein-ates containing an ethylenicgroup in'the open chain portion ofth'eir molecules adjacent to'tthe'6'mem- "Such eleomaleinates can be converted todihydrox ylated 'eleomaleinates by. reacting "such'as acids; acid anhydrides and the'like.

.aThe': eleom'a-leinates f can be: converted to epoxidiz'ed eleomaleinates by neactin'gth'em' withla peracidrin an inert mutual solvent. '1 Theruse 'ofrperbenzo'ic or peracetic; acid,

dissolved" either in' .-chloroform'-or "in. acetic? acid, -is' preferred. The eleomaleinates used can be -acids,.:;anhydrides or esters.

ladium. catalyst. -In either ofnthe' reactions the-.eleomaleinate can be an-acid, acid anydride or ester.

Illustrative examples of'alcohols with which the car- -fying beta tung oil and reacting unsaturated aliphatic alcohols such as methyl, butyl, dodecyl, and the like saturated alcohols, and allyl, methallyl, propargyl and oleyl and the like unsaturated alcohols; alicyclic alcohols such as cyclohexanol, pentanol, benzyl alcohol and the like; aralkyl alcohols such as benzyl, the alpha-hydroxycresols, and the like; and polyhydric alcohols such as glycerol, 4-hydroxy cyclohexanol, and the like. i

The following examples are illustrative of the inven- 'tion:

EXAMPLE 1 Alpha-eleomaleic acid anhydride Alpha-eleostearic acid was prepared by saponifying alpha tung oil and isolating the liberated alpha-eleostearic acid by the process described in Industrial Engineering Chemistry 17, 467, 1945.

Equimolar quantities maleic anhydride were heated at 80 C. under an atmosphere of carbon dioxide until the characteristic yellow color disappeared. The alpha-eleomaleic acid anhydride produced, after a crystallization from 90% methanol,

Beta-eleostearic acid anhydride was prepared by saponithe isolated beta-elecstearic acid with maleic anhydride by the process described in Example 1. The beta-eleomaleic acid anhydride, after recrystallization from 90% methanol, was a white crystalline solid, M. P. 77 C.

EXAMPLE 3 Epoxidized eleomaleic acid anhydrides A 7.5 gram portion of beta-eleomaleic acid anhydride produced as described in Example 2 was dissolved in 50 ml. of 0.4 normal perbenzoic acid dissolved in chloroform and maintained at for 41 hours. By this time the reaction was 95% complete and the reaction mixture contained a white precipitate.

The white precipitate was isolated and recrystallized from absolute methanol. The recrystallized product melted at 144 C. and an elementary analysis indicated its formula to be The chloroform was distilled off from the filtrate portion of the reaction mixture and the eleomaleinate product remaining was recrystallized from absolute methanol. The recrystallized product melted at 118 C. and an elementary analysis indicated its formula C H O The epoxidized beta-eleomaleic acid anhydrides have the formulas and OE CH CH(CHz)1C O OH a of the alpha-eleostearic acid and 5 to free it from acids EXAMPLE 4 Triesters of eleomaleic acids Tributyl alpha-eleomaleinate of the formula /GH=CH dimension oncn=crt onmco 0 R on-on o oo o R! RI where R is a butyl radical was prepared by refluxing a solution of one mole of alpha-eleomaleic acid anhydride, produced as described in Example 1, 6 moles of butanol, and 6 grams of paratoluene sulfonic acid dissolved in 1.5 liters of toluene, for 20 hours, while isolating the water condensing with the refluxing vapor. The produced tributyl alpha-eleomaleinate was isolated by washing the reaction mixture was 5% aqueous sodium hydroxide and distilling off the solvent and unconverted reactants under reduced pressure.

A triester of the same formula where R is a methyl radical was produced by heating a mixture of two parts of methyl alpha-eleostearate and 1 part of dimethyl maleate to about 200 C. for about 3 hours. The triester was isolated by distilling olf the unreacted esters under vacuum. The ester boiled at 200 under a pressure 0.2 mm. of Hg.

A triester of the same formula where R is a cyciohexyl or aralkyl radical is produced in the same way by using an alicyclic alcohol such as cyclohexanol or an aralkyl alcohol such as benzylalcohol in place of the butanol.

EXAMPLE 5 Esters of epoxidized eleomaleic acids A triester of the formula o11=orr cHacHmcH oncrt-wmonmcooa' cH-crr 0 00 0 0 R R where R is a butyl radical was prepared by reacting tributyl alpha-eleomaleinate, prepared as described in Example 4, with perbenzoic acid dissolved in chloroform, by the process described in Example 3.

The ester so produced was isolated by stirring the reaction mixture with barium oxide and sodium sulfate, filtering to remove benzoic and perbenzoic acids and removing the solvent by distillation under reduced pressure. The structure of the ester was verified by means of infrared spectra.

Esters of the same formula where R is an alicyclie or an aralkyl radical are produced in the same way by employing the corresponding alicyclic or aralkyl alcohol in place of the butanol.

EXAMPLE 6 Dihydroxylated eleomaleic acids ture with water, selectively dissolving the organic components in ether, washing and drying the ether solution and water and distilling olf the ether underreduced pressure..., The ridihydroxy ealphaa eleomaleinate has theformula.-. V A

' cH=cH CH)(CH3)3C- oco o EXAMPLE 7 Esters of dihydroxy eleomaleic acids enenonenomcmhcoon o IL.

Diesters: A diacetoxy ester having the formula /CH=CH CH:(CH2);CH CHCH(OOOR)CH(OOCR)(CHmCOOH E -t co co 0 0 H H prepared by reacting prepared as described with an excess of acetic anhydride.

' which R' is an alicyclic where R'is a methyl radical, was alpha-eleomaleic acid, in Example 6,

Esters of the or an aralkyl radical, replacing the acetic anhydride with the alicyclic or aralkyl esterifying agent.

Triesters: An ester of the formula /CH=C{I CHs(CH2)aCH CHCHOHCHOH(CH2)2COOR CH-CH 50 50 0 0 R! R! where R is a butyl radical was prepared by reacting the three carboxyl groups of dihydroxy alpha-eleomaleic acid with butanol in aralkyl alcohol.

Pentaesters: An ester of the formula CHCH(OOOR') CH(OOCR') (CHz)7COOR" $11-$11 0 0 c 0 0 0 R" RI! where R is a methyl radical and R" is a butyl radical was prepared by reacting the tributyl epoxidized eleomaleinate of Ex. with a mixture of acetic acid and acetic anhydride.

Esters of the same formula in which R the same or different aliphatic, alrcyclic, radicals are prepared respective acid and corresponding agents.

and R" are EXAMPLE 8 Monohydroxylated cyclohexyl eleomaleic acids A portion of epoxidized alpha-eleomaleic acid was mixed with 0.1 part by weight of a 10% palladium-carparts of glacial acetic acid. The mixture was agitated at about room temperature while hydrogen was introduced under about 30 lbs. pressure.

The product produced was isolated by filtering off the atalyst-fi :d t ll ngto q es etiewa id- Jlietprqdnet.

acid with 5 parts of acetic anhydride for about 5 hours.

distilling off the acetic anis an aliphatic, alicyclic or aralkyl radical are prepared in the same way by replacing the acetic anhydride with the corresponding aliphatic, alicyclic or aralkyl acylating agent.

Tetraesters: An ester of the formula OH-GH /OHCH;CH(OOOR)(CH2)1C0OR toluenesulfonic acid.

Tetraesters of the same formula where R We claim: 1. An epoxidized eleomaleate of the formula 0151:0151 0 CH3(CHz)a -O \OHC-\CH (CH2)7COOR where R represents a member of the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl radicals and R represents a member of the group consisting of O- and (OR) 2. A tricar'boxylic acid epoxidized eleomaleate of the formula of claim 1 in which R represents a hydrogen atom and R represents (OR) 3. A tributyl epoxidized eleomaleate of the formula of claim 1 where R represents a butyl radical and R represents (OR) 4. A process for maleic acid '2' 5 estelyand then separating and recovering the epoxidized 2,146,671 .Eilis Feb. 7, 1939 ester from the reaction mixture. 7 2,188,883 Clocker I an. 30, 1940 5. The process of claim 4 wherein the peracid is a 2,312,731 Salathiel Mar. 2, 1943 member selected from the group consisting of perbenzoic 2,444,328 Blair June 29, 1948 acid and peracetic acid. 7

References Cited in the file of this patent 3 2 gg i ig g gfi i gig UNITED STATES PATENTS No. 9, pp. 376-381 (received May 26, 1953 2,033,132 Ellis Mar. 10, 1936 10 MOl en 6t 31.: I. C. 5,, 1932, pp. 2251-4. 

1. AN EPOXIDIZED ELEOMALEATE OF THE FORMULA
 2. A TRICARBOXYLIC ACID EPOXIDIZED ELEOMALEATE OF THE FORMULA OF CLAIM 1 IN WHICH R REPRESENTS A HYDROGEN ATOM AND R1 REPRESENTS (-OR)2-. 